Let us take a look at the charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most "12 volt" panels put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. some batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged. Your full chargered battery bank keeps the all round power supply at the given time or late in the night when the sun may no longer be there!
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